Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology2090-3626101220191201Genetic Diversity among Transconjugants of Bacillus thuringiensis Used for Controlling Tomato Borer Tuta absoluta2312367114410.21608/jacb.2019.71144ENMervat I.KamalDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.A. M.El- AdlDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.K. A.ZaiedDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.A. I.El- SayedWater, Soil and Environmental Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptHeba H.AtiaWater, Soil and Environmental Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200215This study aimed to chacterize transconjugants of <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> on the basis of genomic DNA patterns, plasmid curing and bioassay of toxicity against tomato borer, <em>Tuta absoluta</em> in the open field. Eight transconjugants generated from four matings were used in this study. The shortening of extrachromosomal genetic material lead to loss of antibiotic resistance genes in some <em>Bt</em> strains and their transconjugants , as well as, loss of chitin hydrolysis as a consequence. In contrast, some <em>Bt </em>transconjugants were not affected by elevated temperature because they are still harboring antibiotic resistance genes and encoded chitinase. The extrachromosomal genome of <em>Serratia</em> was more stable than <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> which lost <em>Cf </em>resistance gene at elvevated temperature. <em>Bt</em> strains and their transconjugants were genetically different because some bands appeared and or disappeared between them. Two transconjugants out of eight generated additional bands than the other ones which showed a higher toxicity index in relation to the mid-parent and the other transconjugants. Tomato plants treated with bioinsecticide formulations showed significant increase in photosynthetic pigments. Furthermore, some <em>Bt </em>transconjugants significantly increased shoot dry weight compared to the negative and the positive controls. This study indicated that mixing of dissimilar toxin genes in addition to chitinase genes in the same transconjugant led to increase toxicity and delay of resistance in insect pest than single - toxin gene carried by single strain.https://jacb.journals.ekb.eg/article_71144_6245c5aa6eda68450ce4ba29a895de24.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology2090-3626101220191201Improving Parental Lines for Hybrid Rice Development in Indica / Japonica Rice Crosses2372487114610.21608/jacb.2019.71146ENM. M. A.Awad-AllahRice Res. Dept. Field Crops Res. Inst., ARC, EgyptJournal Article20200215The present study was done at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during 2016 and 2017 seasons to study combining ability, gene action and heterosis for grain yield and some agronomic traits in some lines to be utilized in hybrid rice development. The experiment comprised 30 crosses derived from six varieties/lines namely; Dular, Jip 5, O2428, Nekken 1, Giza 181 and Giza182. A complete diallel cross set was done among these six rice parents including reciprocals. General combining ability and specific combining ability were found to be highly significant for all studied traits. This indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive genetic variances in determining inheritance of grain yield and related traits. While, highly significant reciprocal effects were detected for most studied traits indicating presence of the maternal effects in controlling of studied traits except panicle length and panicle weight for these rice crosses. The ratio of GCA/SCA was more than unity for all studied traits, indicated the preponderance of additive gene effects in the expression of these traits. Rice varieties; Dular, O2428 and Nekken 1 showed highly spikelets fertility (> 70%) when they crossed with both japonica and indica cultivars indicated that these lines can be identified as wide compatible genotypes. Moreover, the three crosses of Nekken 1 X Giza 182, Giza 181 X Giza 182 and Nekken 1 X Giza 181 were the best specific combiner for grain yield. https://jacb.journals.ekb.eg/article_71146_c22025cf20243b88da24c6242adfe312.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology2090-3626101220191201Estimation of Genetic Parameters Controlling Inheritance of Quantitative Traits in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus, L.).2492557114710.21608/jacb.2019.71147ENA. M.El – ShouraVegetable Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza EgyptGehan, Z.MohamedVegetable Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza EgyptJournal Article20200215The purpose of this investigation was to examination the genetic potential of a set of five genotypes and their 10 F<sub>1</sub> hybrids combinations through estimation their genetic parameters controlling inheritance of important economical characters in cucumber. A half diallel mating design was applied using five lines of cucumber. The parental lines demonstrated wide range of diversity regarding studied traits which appeared from the significant differences that found for the studied traits. Analysis for combining ability indicated that GCA and SCA variances were largely significant, indicating that both additive and dominance gene action included in the manifestation of all studied traits. The results reported that the good general combiner parent that showed to have the significant positive magnitudes of GCA effects was reported to be parental line "99-340"(P<sub>3</sub>) and parental line "99 -357" (P<sub>4</sub>) for ennobled studied traits. Furthermore, the highest SCA magnitudes were obtained by the following combinations; P<sub>2</sub> x P<sub>3</sub>; P<sub>2</sub> x P<sub>4</sub> and P<sub>3</sub> x P<sub>4</sub> for early yield / fed., average fruit weight (g), number of fruits / plant and total yield / fed (ton) traits, which are the best and promising F<sub>1</sub> hybrids. The large heritability indicates few effect of the environment of the studied traits. Broad sense heritability percentage ranged from 88.24 to 99.84 % for fruit diameter and average fruit weight, while narrow sense heritability percentage ranged from 8.73 to 92.56 % for number of fruits / plant and plant length. According to current results, it's could recommended that the integration of these parental lines in genetic enhancement cucumber programs directing to increase yield and improve other interested traits.https://jacb.journals.ekb.eg/article_71147_666c14ba681284ad204b1e87ff80e985.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology2090-3626101220191201Utilization of Combining Ability and Genetic Components for Yield and its Contributing Traits of some Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes2572677114910.21608/jacb.2019.71149ENW. F.GhidanRice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Sakha 33717, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.R. Y.El-AgouryRice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Sakha 33717, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.Fatma A.HusseinRice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Sakha 33717, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.Journal Article20200215Twenty-one hybrids developed from crossing seven lines and three testers were assessed for the extent of combining ability effects, heterosis and genetic parameters for yield and related contributing traits. The analysis of variance uncovered that there were highly significant differences for all the studied traits except panicle weight among parents and parents <em>vs.</em> crosses. The two promising lines GZ 9461-4-2-3-1 and GZ 1368-S-5-4 were seen as a good general combiner among lines for most of the traits, while among the testers, the parental variety Sakha S 300 was superior. Two crosses out of hybrids, GZ 9461-4-2-3-1 / Milyang 349 and GZ 1368-S-5-4 / IR14K642 exhibited positive and highly significant SCA effects for grain yield plant<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The maximum positive and highly significant mid-parent heterosis and heterobeltiosis for grain yield plant<sup>-1</sup> were observed. The five crosses GZ 1368-S-5-4 / Sakha S 300, GZ 1368-S-5-4 / IR14K642, GZ 9461-4-2-3-1 / Milyang 349, GZ 9461-4-2-3-1 / Sakha S 300 and GZ 9461-4-2-3-1 / IR14K642 recorded the highest values and maybe extensively used in rice programs by adopting a heterosis breeding strategy. The additive gene action was noticed for days to 50% flowering, plant height, flag leaf area, number of panicles plant<sup>-1</sup>, panicle length, panicle weight, panicle density index, spikelets fertility, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield plant<sup>-1</sup>. Grain yield plant<sup>-1</sup> was highly significantly and positively correlated with plant height, flag leaf area, number of panicles plant<sup>-1</sup>, panicle weight and panicle density index indicating the significance of these traits as determination criteria in yield enhancement.https://jacb.journals.ekb.eg/article_71149_640aaddb78ad4085cf2485af35e57912.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology2090-3626101220191201Cytomolecular Genetic Diversity Assessments of Two Wheat Species Grows in Egypt.2692777547310.21608/jacb.2019.75473ENM. M. M.BekhitGenetic and Genetic Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Qaliuobia, EgyptT. M. S.SalimGenetic and Genetic Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Qaliuobia, Egypt
Moshtohor Research Park, Molecular Biology Lab., Benha University, EgyptJournal Article20200304Genetic diversity among three genotypes of tetraploid wheat and four of hexaploid wheat, it was estimated using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and cytogenetic studies. Three genotypes of <em>Triticum </em>dicoccum (Sohag-1, Beni-suef-1 and Beni-suef-3 belonging to Tetraploid wheat and four hexaploid genotypes; Sids-8, Sids-12, Sids-13 and Giza-171 (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>)) sampled from upper and lower Egypt regions; the three durum wheat cultivars and the four hexaploid wheat were assessed. Genetic diversity within wheat genotypes was evaluated using 10 ISSR primers. Of the approximately 431 detected ISSR markers, 117 (27%) were polymorphic with 27 bands per utilized primer pair. Cluster analysis of seven genotypes belonging to the two species by UPGMA cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s similarity estimates for ISSR data separated all genotypes into two major clusters depend nearly on their genome makeup. The first one include wheat species possesses AB genomes, while second cluster included wheat genotypes ABD genomes. The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.05 between Beni-suef 3<em> (Triticum dicoccum) </em>and Sids-8 and Sids-12 of <em>T. aestivum</em>. Concerning chromosome morphology analysis of the three durum wheat genotypes of, the highest value for chromosome length was observed in Sohag-1 (14.84 μm for chromosome 2 A) and the smaller value in Beni-suef 3(5.16 μm for the chromosome 7B). The CI values (centromere index) obtained for durum wheat ranged from 0.48 for 5B to 0.97 for 7A. Thus, according to the CI values for karyotypes of Sohag 1, all chromosomes are metacentric except 5B chromosome. The CI values (centromere index) obtained for durum wheat ranged from 0.50 for 5B to 1.00 for 7A https://jacb.journals.ekb.eg/article_75473_efff4083d31a40417090a74e851e61cc.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology2090-3626101220191201Alcohol Fermentation Performance by Novel Genomic Recombinants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae2792868687510.21608/jacb.2019.86875ENMervat I.KamalDepartment of Genetics , Faculty of Agriculture , Mansoura University.Journal Article20200504Thiswork aimed to describe fermentation characteristics of ethanol productivity by the hybrids of baker's yeast. In this study five parental isolates and 15 genotypic hybrids of <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> derived from three crosses were used for estimating fermentation characteristics during bioethanol production. At 0.02 concentration of sugarcane sub- products the hybrids of P<sub>1</sub> x P<sub>4</sub> increased turbidity and pH value above the mid–parent. In contrast, biomass formation showed decline production. However, at 0.04 and 0.06 sugarcane sub- products some of the hybrids increased significantly pH value above the mid–parent indicating that fermentation profile differs from one concentration of dissolved solids to another. However, ethanol productivity was affected mainly by low pH, high acidity, high alcohol content, high temperature and osmotic pressure. The low pH was the main stress factor on yeast during fermentation. Though, the hybrids derived from the cross between P<sub>2</sub> x P<sub>5</sub> significantly increased pH value above the mid – parent at 0.02 and 0.04 concentration of sugarcane sub–products. The yeast hybrids showed better turbidity and biomass formation at 0.02 concentration if compared with the mid–parents and the higher concentrations of sugarcane sub–products. Most hybrids derived from the cross between P<sub>3</sub> x P<sub>5</sub> showed significant pH values above the mid – parents at all concentrations of sugarcane sub- products. In addition, most hybrids showed significant turbidity above the mid – parents at 0.02 sub–products. However, insignificant differences were shown between yeast genotypes for turbidity and biomass formation at 0.04 and 0.06 concentration of dissolved solids. https://jacb.journals.ekb.eg/article_86875_d7e6f4e0fc117e7781ea7a31a9090e16.pdf