Estimates of Genetic Parameters, Combining Abilities and Heterosis for some Genotypes of Bread Wheat

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Botany Department (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

2 Agricultural biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt.

Abstract

Plant breeders are dedicated to comprehending the intricacies of variation to devise efficient breeding strategies. The research was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, spanning two growing seasons (2021/2022 and 2022/2023), epitomizes this pursuit. Six bread wheat genotypes, chosen for their variability, were subjected to all possible half-diallel crosses among the parents, yielding 15 F1 hybrids. Results unveiled substantial variation among the studied genotypes across all traits, except the number of spikelets. General combining ability mean squares were significantly high for most traits, except for the number of effective tillers and spikes, the results revealed that the best combiners were Sids 12, Giza 171 and Gemmeiza 11 (good combiners) for the important yield components, and they considered to be promising parents. While, specific combining ability mean squares were significant across all traits. The variance of general combining ability and specific combining ability among parental varieties indicated their significant contribution to enhancing most traits. Most crosses exhibited substantial positive heterosis (significant or highly significant) over both mid and better parent values for most of the studied traits. Estimates of heritability and genetic parameters further substantiated the influence of non-additive gene action on the inheritance of these economic traits. The results indicated the possibility of benefiting these genotypes used in this study in different hybridization programs to produce hybrids distinguished in terms of economic traits which contribute to improving productivity of bread wheat.

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