In vitro Anther Culture of some Egyptian Rice Genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)

The present research was performed at the Cell and Tissue Culture Laboratory as well as the Trial Farm of the Agronomy Department, Fac. of Agric., Al-AzharUniv., NasrCity, Cairo. Five cultivars of rice, namely Giza 177, Giza 178, Giza 182, Sakha 102 and Sakha 104 representing a broad range of variation for several traits were utilized for this study. In the present study, four media contained MS or N6 adding with various concentrations of various growth hormones for the induction of callus from anthers. Donor plants were planted  in greenhouse to study the effect of genotypes, media and their interactions. The data showed highly significant differences for callus induction, indicating  the presence of genetic variation in the material used. The highest callus induction was found for Sakha 104 (18.24% ) and Sakha 102 (15.16% ) while , lowest callus induction was found from Giza 182 (2.33%)  and Giza 178 ( 3.25%  ). The response of callus  induction varied according  to medium used, indicating  that  the M₁ medium ( N6 3.99 gm/L, 2 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 1 mg/L Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 0.5 mg/L Kinetin ,3% sucrose and 8 gm/L agar) gave the highest  mean value  of callus induction (15.06%) , followed by M₂ medium (N6 3.99 gm/L, 2.5 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L Kinetin, 3% sucrose/L and 8 gm/L agar) which  recorded value  of callus induction (11.39%) . The interaction between cultivars and induction medium was highly significant. The studied rice cultivars were various in their response according to the medium used. The cultivar Sakha 104 followed by Giza 177 gave the highest  values  of callus induction  on M₁ medium  (28.99 and 23.33%) respectively , while  the  cultivar  Giza 182  gave the lowest  callus induction ( 2.00% ) on M₂ or M₄ medium. Callus obtained from  anther culture of rice cultivars were transferred to  two plant regeneration media. Plant regeneration (%) differed among the rice cultivars. In the present  study, the highest rating of green plants was found for Sakha 104 (46.00%) , Sakha 102 ( 33.00 %) and Giza 177 (21.00%) respectively, whereas the lowest plant regeneration produced from Giza 178 (5.00%) and Giza 182 ( 2.00%  ). It has been recorded that the cultivars that gave high callusing capacity present the best regeneration frequencies(%). Among  the two  plant regeneration media , the R₁ medium  produced  the highest  green plant regeneration .These results are believed  to be  necessary  for rice improvement utilizing the cell and tissue culture techniques. as the totipotency was necessary to the success of haploidy  plants production and  breeding programmes  by  using  of cell and tissue culture techniques