Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agric. Res. Cent. Giza
2
Oil CropsRes.Dept., Field crop Res, Agric. Res. Cent. Giza
3
Seed Tech. Res. Dept ., Field crop Res,Agric.Res. Cent. Giza
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the antifungal effect of mint (Menthapiperita ) and clove (Syzygiumaromatic ) essential oils on the fungal load, aflatoxins production and final yield of peanut crop(Arachis hypogea).Three species of peanut seed (Gregory, Giza 6 and Ismailia 1 ) were inoculated by A.flavus then treated with mint and clove essential oils (EO) and chemical antifungal vitavax to study their antifungal effect on the peanut yield after cultivation of contaminated seeds for two seasons.The yield of treatedpeanut seeds with mint and clove EOwas free from aflatoxins compared with the yield treated by chemical antifungal vitavix which gave 8ppb , 20ppb and 15 ppb of total aflatoxins in Gregory , Giza and Ismailia 1 peanut seeds, respectively. Mint EO decreasedthe number of total fungi in first season from 15x104 , 29x104 and 31x104 to 7x102 , 8x103 and 16x103cfu/gin Gregory , Giza 6 , Ismailia 1 peanut seeds, respectively .Similar result was obtained in second season .Regarding to peanut hulls, the treatment with clove EO eliminate the total fungi in contaminated peanut seed from 18x104 ,3.2x105 and 3.3x105 to 9x103 ,14x103 and 16x103cfu/g in Gregory , Giza 6 and Ismailia 1, respectively in second season . No aflatoxins were detected in all samples whereasthe total fungi was ranged from 9x104 to 8.2x105cfug.The common fungal spices were as follows: Rhizopus spp., Mucor spp., A.niger, Fusariumvericilliodis, Penicilliumaurantiogriscum, Penicilliumhirsutum, Alternaria, alternate, and Talaromycesmacrosporus. No aflatoxins were detected in all samples of peanut hulls, but it has high load of fungi which was ranged from 9x104 to 82x104cfu/g. Changes in Morphological traits, yield parameters and crude oil percentage were determined as agronomic characters.Results ratifies that the interaction among genotypes (Giza 6 , Ismailla 1, Gregory) and treatments (control , treatment with mint oil ,clove oil and vita ax) were significant on all estimated traits over the two seasons. Gregory with treatment (mint oil) gave the highest values of all studied characters compared to all other treatments over the two seasons followedbygenotype (Giza 6) combination with treatment with clove oil.
Keywords
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