Enhancing Callus Initiation and Salinity Tolerance in Egyptian GZ650 Maize (Zea mays L.) Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.

2 Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC),12619 Giza Egypt.

3 Department of Plant Gene transfer, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 12619 Giza Egypt

4 International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

This study explored callus initiation and somatic embryogenesis within GZ650 maize genotype, emphasizing the influence of distinct culture media and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). In this experiment, 800 immature embryos were cultured on four different media (control media and different concentrations of zinc media) (CM, ZM1, ZM2, and ZM3). Successful somatic embryogenesis was achieved, with ZM3 medium containing 4000 ppm ZnONPs demonstrating optimal callus induction. ZnONPs consistently outperformed the control in promoting embryogenic callus formation, notably with ZM3 resulting in 89.5% embryogenic calli compared to the control's (43%). Salinity treatments affect ZM3-derived embryogenic calli as well as callus performance. Genetic diversity analysis using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers highlighted substantial variations and relationships among maize samples under salinity treatments. This research underscores the potential of ZnONPs to facilitate callus development, enhance plant tolerance against salinity, and assess genetic variation in response to ZnONPs and salinity stress.

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